Introduction and Significance

Soybean has emerged as a transformative oilseed and pulse crop in India, often dubbed the 'Golden Bean' for its economic versatility. Its cultivation has witnessed a rapid growth, primarily concentrated in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, which together account for the bulk of the country's output. The economic significance of soybean is profound; it is the linchpin of India's edible oil economy and the primary source of protein for the animal feed industry, especially poultry. This dual utility drives a massive processing industry. Nutritionally, soybean is exceptional. It is one of the few plant-based sources of complete protein, containing all essential amino acids. It is also rich in healthy fats, fibre, and minerals, making products like soy milk, tofu, and soy chunks increasingly popular among health-conscious consumers.

Soybean cultivation in India is not without its significant hurdles. As a rain-fed Kharif crop, its fate is intrinsically linked to the monsoon, with both excessive rainfall leading to waterlogging and prolonged dry spells causing severe yield losses. Pest infestations, particularly from the girdle beetle and stem fly, and diseases like yellow mosaic virus and rust, pose a constant threat to the crop's health and productivity. A major issue for farmers is the availability of high-quality, certified seeds, as poor germination rates are a common complaint. Market volatility presents another significant challenge. Soybean prices are heavily influenced by international market trends and import policies for edible oils, leading to price instability that directly impacts farmer incomes. In essence, the farmer bears the production risk of climate and pests, coupled with the market risk of global price fluctuations.