There are several weeds that can be a major problem in paddy crops. Some of the common weeds that can compete with the paddy crop for resources and reduce yield include. Echinochloa Crusagalli Digitaria sanguinalis Setaria spp., Commelina benghalensis, Fimbristylis milliacea, Cyperus iria, Eleusine indica, Panicum spp., Echinochloa Colonum, Eclipta alba, Cyperus Defformis, ludwigia paviflora.

Stem borer is a common insect pest that can cause significant damage to paddy crop. The larvae of stem borer bore into the stem of the rice plant and feed on the inner tissue, which can weaken the stem and cause lodging, resulting in yield losses. There are several species of stem borers that can infest paddy crop, including Yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), Asiatic rice borer (Chilo suppressalis), Pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens).

Leaf folder is a common insect pest that can cause significant damage to paddy crop. The larvae of the leaf folder feed on the chlorophyll-rich tissue inside the leaf, causing the leaf to fold and form a shelter. This can lead to reduced photosynthesis, stunted growth, and yield losses.

Gall midge is a common insect pest that can cause significant damage to paddy crop. The larvae of gall midge feed on the young tissues of the plant, causing the formation of galls or swellings. This can lead to stunted growth, reduced tillering, and yield losses. The most common species of gall midge that infests paddy crop is the Rice Gall Midge (Orseolia oryzae).

Plant hopper is a common insect pest that can cause significant damage to paddy crop. Plant hoppers are small, winged insects that feed on the sap of the rice plant. They can cause stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and reduced tillering, which can result in yield losses. There are several species of plant hoppers that can infest paddy crop, including Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), Whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera).

Sheath blight is a devastating fungal disease that affects paddy (rice) plants. It is caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani, which infects the leaf sheaths and blades of the rice plant. The symptoms of sheath blight in paddy include the formation of white, cottony mycelial growth on the leaf sheaths and blades, which eventually turn brown and die. The disease can also cause the formation of lesions on the stem and the development of empty grains, leading to yield loss. Sheath blight in paddy is a major concern for rice farmers worldwide, as it can cause significant yield losses and reduce the quality of the rice grains. The disease can be managed through a combination of cultural, chemical, and biological control measures, such as planting resistant rice varieties, practicing crop rotation, applying fungicides, and using biocontrol agents.

Blast disease is another fungal disease that can affect paddy (rice) plants. It is caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, and it is one of the most destructive diseases of rice, causing significant yield losses globally. The symptoms of blast disease in paddy include the appearance of small, water-soaked lesions on the leaves, which can rapidly grow and expand into elongated, diamond-shaped lesions. The lesions may also appear on the panicle, leading to the death of the developing grains and significant yield losses.

Sheath rot is a fungal disease that can affect paddy (rice) plants. It is caused by the fungus Sarocladium oryzae and is also known as "foot rot" or "stem rot". The symptoms of sheath rot in paddy include the discoloration and necrosis of the leaf sheaths, which eventually leads to the death of the plant. The disease can also cause the formation of water-soaked lesions on the stem, which can extend up to the panicle, causing a reduction in grain quality and yield