Cotton is a warm-season crop that is grown in a variety of soil types. However, it prefers well-drained loamy soils. The crop needs a lot of sunlight and water, and is usually grown under irrigated conditions. The cultivation of cotton involves several steps, including land preparation, sowing, irrigation, weeding, pest control, and harvesting. The crop is harvested by hand or machine, and the cotton fibers are then ginned to remove the seeds.

India is the world's second-largest producer of cotton, after China. The country's cotton production has been increasing in recent years, due to the use of improved varieties of cotton, better irrigation facilities, and increased government support. Cotton is a major cash crop in India, and is grown in over 10 states including Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh

A few of the many diseases and weeds that can affect cotton cultivation in India include aphids, bacterial blight, blackarm, cottony boll rot, leaf curl, pink bollworm, barnyard grass, crabgrass, goosegrass, spurge, and yellow nutsedge. The best way to prevent these problems is to use good agricultural practices, such as crop rotation, weed control, and the use of resistant varieties.